1. The Jagannatha Cult
and its Development
The main task in this realm mainly undertaken by G.C. Tripathi, is to
classify the masses of tests relation to that topic, in order to get a
relative chronology immanent to the texts. By comparing the chronology
of the texts with the chronology taken from the architectonic evidence
of the temple survey (see below) it is hoped to get an absolute chronology
of Orissan History of Religions and its different stages, which may allow
at least an exact analysis and historical classification of the formation
of the Jagannatha tradition.
It should be mentioned in this connection that it has already been possible
to compile an extraordinary collection of so far unpublished or even unknown
texts.
Besides the following individual studies have been started or planned
in this realm : the most comprehensive is undoubtedly that of G.C. Tripathi.
It is supported by several analysis of certain special stages in the
development of the Jagannatha Cult.
1.1. A detailed study of the gradual
development of the jagannatha cult (G.C.Tripathi)
This study will give a history of the development of the Jagannatha
worship, with special consideration of the mantra literature. It will
particularly point out the tantristic, saktistic and tribal influences
on the formation of the Jagannatha theology. The author has therefore
started by giving a comprehensive presentation of "The mode of
daily worship in the Jagannatha Temple of Puri" and its different
elements.
1.2. A study of the indrayumna legend
(R. Geib)
This legend narrates the introduction of the Jagannatha cult and the
foundation of the Puri temple by the legendary king Indradyumna. The
analysis of its development through the different textual stages showed
two main features :
a. From the very beginning
the "high hinduistic" brahmanical tradition was combined
with tribal elements in different ways.
b. The legend was taken up by
the royal dynasties and partly transformed to support their claim
for legitimation. The study us relevant for the investigation of the
relations between the Jagannatha cult and political power as well
as Jagannatha Cult and tribal religions.
1.3. A study of the origin and development
of the Jagannatha iconography. (A. Eschmann- H. Kulke)
The Jagannatha trinity with its three wooden posts is clearly of tribal
origin. The worship of wooden posts is still current in the popular
religion of Orissa, and partly shows striking affinities to certain
aspects of the Jaganntha ritual, so that it is possible to trace the
iconographic evolution. A first paper on this topic was presented by
H. Kulke on the International Congress for Indology in Septmber 1971
at Berlin.
1.4. A textoritical analysis of
the Purusottama - Mahatmya. (U. Schneider).
This text has been identified as a product of the Puri Brahmans. Its
analysis will throw light on their position and self-estimation, their
attempts to incorporate the theology of Jagannatha and its heterodox
elements into the Northindian sanscritic tradition, as well as on he
general role of Vaisnavism in the Orissan history of religions. Beyond
its relevance for sthe History of Religion this study is therefore also
related to the investigation of the Puri Brahmans (see below 4.1. and
5.1.).
1.5. The impact of Chaitanya on
the formation of the Jagannatha tradition (P. Kwella).
With the advent of the Bengal reformer in Puri in the 16th
century the Jagannatha Cult underwent a considerable change. Sthe deity
Jagannatha was identified with Krsna and the practice of pilgrimage
began to be framed in the present shape. Theresfore this study is also
linked to the investigation of the contemporary system of pilgrimage
(see below 4.2.).
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